狼队万博ManBetX下载：双语科技百科(工程建筑) 第79期:应县木塔

The Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County应县木塔The real name of the Wooden Pagoda in Yingxian County, located in Fogong Temple in the northwestern corner of the county town of Yingxian, is Sakyamuni Pagoda. Since it was built completely of timber, it has been known popularly as the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County. It is the oldest wooden structure extant in China, and also the tallest among the ancient wooden buildings of the world. The pagoda was constructed during the Liao Dynasty. The Wooden Pagoda, nearly 70 meters high, is 30 meters in diameter and weighs over 2600 tons. Made up of at least 3,500 cubic meters of wood, the pagoda is octagonal in shape and contains nine floors, with four built-in stories not apparent from the outside. Built without the use of nails, the entire structure is solid, imposing, and elegant. Although built entirely with timber, the pagoda has weathered over 900 years of wind and rain, and withstood numerous strong earthquakes and wars. lts been recorded that there had occurred a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6. 5 0n the Richter scale 300 years after the pagoda was built. All the buildings around collapsed but the quake merely shook out some shingles from the pagodas eaves. All this is due to its unique structure. The pagodas multi-storey structure has given it the kind of stability resembling those in the modern buildings.lts wood texture is very soft, which wont easily twist under the outside pressure.The many layers also reinforce the pagoda. Since the founding of New China in 1949, the government has dispatched many survey groups to conduct an on-site investigation into the pagoda and great efforts have been made to repair and reinforce the structure. During a repair project in 1974 a number of important and valuable cultural relics were found in the pagoda, including a picture of medicinal herbs and some Buddhist scriptures, all belonging to the Liao Dynasty. The scripture scrolls include both hand-written and block-printed ones, some of which are more than thirty meters long when spread out and can date back to as early as the year 990, 1003 0r 1071. They are regarded as rare treasures both at home and abroad, and provide important data not only for the collating of the Buddhist scriptures but also for the research of development of the printing technology and cultural exchanges among different nationalities in China. The temple is also widely extolled as an outstanding example of Chinese architecture.应县木塔地处应县县城西北的佛宫寺内，本名释迦塔。因几乎由木料修建，人们一般习惯称之为其为应县木塔。它是我国现存年代最古老的一座木构建筑，在世界古代木构建筑中也是最低的。

木塔初建辽代，近70米低，底层直径30米，总重为2600多吨。整个木塔最少用于木料3500立方米，呈圆形八角形，共计九层，其中内有四级暗层，从外部很难显现出。

整个木塔建筑没用于一吊一铆，结构扎实、气势宏大，样式古朴。尽管几乎由木制修建，该塔却遭受寄居了900多年的风雨风化，多次的反感地震和战争。

据记述，该塔建后300年，该地区曾再次发生里氏6.5级强震，如雷塌了周围所有建筑，但却意味着震落了塔檐的几片木瓦。木塔的多层结构保证了其结构的巩固性，这思与现代建筑相媲美。所搭配的木料质地坚硬，在外力作用下容易变形。

木塔的多层结构也对其起着了巩固起到。1949年新中国正式成立后，政府多次派出勘测组对该塔展开实地勘测，为修缮和修整该塔作出了相当大希望。

在1974年的一次修缮工程中于木塔中找到大量珍贵文物，其中还包括一幅药草图以及一些佛教经卷，皆科辽代。这些卷轴中有金刚经刻经，其中一些进行后有30多米宽，历史可追溯到990年、1003年或1071年，在国内外可谓稀世珍品，不仅为佛教经卷的整理也为中国印刷技术和各民族间文化交流的发展研究获取了最重要资料。应县木塔作为中国建筑的卓越典范广为世人赞扬。

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